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GPU
Kubernetes 支持容器请求 GPU 资源（目前仅支持 NVIDIA GPU），在深度学习等场景中有大量应用。
使用方法
Kubernetes v1.8 及更新版本
从 Kubernetes v1.8 开始，GPU 开始以 DevicePlugin 的形式实现。在使用之前需要配置
- kubelet/kube-apiserver/kube-controller-manager:
--feature-gates="DevicePlugins=true" - 在所有的 Node 上安装 Nvidia 驱动，包括 NVIDIA Cuda Toolkit 和 cuDNN 等
- Kubelet 配置使用 docker 容器引擎（默认就是 docker），其他容器引擎暂不支持该特性
NVIDIA 插件
NVIDIA 需要 nvidia-docker。
安装 nvidia-docker
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# Install docker-ce
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sudo apt-get install \
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apt-transport-https \
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ca-certificates \
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curl \
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software-properties-common
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curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
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sudo add-apt-repository \
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"deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
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$(lsb_release -cs) \
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stable"
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sudo apt-get update
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sudo apt-get install docker-ce
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# Add the package repositories
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curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/nvidia-docker/gpgkey | \
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sudo apt-key add -
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curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/nvidia-docker/ubuntu16.04/amd64/nvidia-docker.list | \
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sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidia-docker.list
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sudo apt-get update
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# Install nvidia-docker2 and reload the Docker daemon configuration
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sudo apt-get install -y nvidia-docker2
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sudo pkill -SIGHUP dockerd
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# Test nvidia-smi with the latest official CUDA image
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docker run --runtime=nvidia --rm nvidia/cuda nvidia-smi
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设置 Docker 默认运行时为 nvidia
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# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
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{
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"default-runtime": "nvidia",
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"runtimes": {
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"nvidia": {
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"path": "/usr/bin/nvidia-container-runtime",
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"runtimeArgs": []
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}
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}
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}
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部署 NVDIA 设备插件
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# For Kubernetes v1.8
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kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/NVIDIA/k8s-device-plugin/v1.8/nvidia-device-plugin.yml
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# For Kubernetes v1.9
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kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/NVIDIA/k8s-device-plugin/v1.9/nvidia-device-plugin.yml
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GCE/GKE GPU 插件
该插件不需要 nvidia-docker，并且也支持 CRI 容器运行时。
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# Install NVIDIA drivers on Container-Optimized OS:
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kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/container-engine-accelerators/k8s-1.9/daemonset.yaml
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# Install NVIDIA drivers on Ubuntu (experimental):
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kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/container-engine-accelerators/k8s-1.9/nvidia-driver-installer/ubuntu/daemonset.yaml
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# Install the device plugin:
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kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/release-1.9/cluster/addons/device-plugins/nvidia-gpu/daemonset.yaml
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请求 nvidia.com/gpu 资源示例
nvidia.com/gpu 资源示例1
apiVersion: v1
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kind: Pod
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metadata:
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name: cuda-vector-add
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spec:
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restartPolicy: OnFailure
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containers:
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- name: cuda-vector-add
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# https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.7.11/test/images/nvidia-cuda/Dockerfile
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image: "k8s.gcr.io/cuda-vector-add:v0.1"
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resources:
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limits:
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nvidia.com/gpu: 1 # requesting 1 GPU
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Kubernetes v1.6 和 v1.7
alpha.kubernetes.io/nvidia-gpu已在 v1.10 中删除，新版本请使用nvidia.com/gpu。
在 Kubernetes v1.6 和 v1.7 中使用 GPU 需要预先配置
- 在所有的 Node 上安装 Nvidia 驱动，包括 NVIDIA Cuda Toolkit 和 cuDNN 等
- 在 apiserver 和 kubelet 上开启
--feature-gates="Accelerators=true" - Kubelet 配置使用 docker 容器引擎（默认就是 docker），其他容器引擎暂不支持该特性
使用资源名
alpha.kubernetes.io/nvidia-gpu 指定请求 GPU 的个数，如1
apiVersion: v1
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kind: Pod
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metadata:
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name: tensorflow
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spec:
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restartPolicy: Never
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containers:
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- image: gcr.io/tensorflow/tensorflow:latest-gpu
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name: gpu-container-1
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command: ["python"]
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env:
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- name: LD_LIBRARY_PATH
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value: /usr/lib/nvidia
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args:
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- -u
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- -c
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- from tensorflow.python.client import device_lib; print device_lib.list_local_devices()
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resources:
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limits:
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alpha.kubernetes.io/nvidia-gpu: 1 # requests one GPU
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volumeMounts:
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- mountPath: /usr/local/nvidia/bin
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name: bin
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- mountPath: /usr/lib/nvidia
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name: lib
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- mountPath: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so
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name: libcuda-so
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- mountPath: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so.1
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name: libcuda-so-1
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- mountPath: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so.375.66
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name: libcuda-so-375-66
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volumes:
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- name: bin
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hostPath:
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path: /usr/lib/nvidia-375/bin
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- name: lib
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hostPath:
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path: /usr/lib/nvidia-375
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- name: libcuda-so
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hostPath:
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path: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so
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- name: libcuda-so-1
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hostPath:
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path: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so.1
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- name: libcuda-so-375-66
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hostPath:
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path: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcuda.so.375.66
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$ kubectl create -f pod.yaml
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pod "tensorflow" created
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$ kubectl logs tensorflow
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...
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[name: "/cpu:0"
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device_type: "CPU"
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memory_limit: 268435456
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locality {
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}
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incarnation: 9675741273569321173
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, name: "/gpu:0"
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device_type: "GPU"
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memory_limit: 11332668621
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locality {
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bus_id: 1
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}
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incarnation: 7807115828340118187
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physical_device_desc: "device: 0, name: Tesla K80, pci bus id: 0000:00:04.0"
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]
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注意
- GPU 资源必须在
resources.limits中请求，resources.requests中无效 - 容器可以请求 1 个或多个 GPU，不能只请求一部分
- 多个容器之间不能共享 GPU
- 默认假设所有 Node 安装了相同型号的 GPU
多种型号的 GPU
如果集群 Node 中安装了多种型号的 GPU，则可以使用 Node Affinity 来调度 Pod 到指定 GPU 型号的 Node 上。
首先，在集群初始化时，需要给 Node 打上 GPU 型号的标签
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# Label your nodes with the accelerator type they have.
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kubectl label nodes <node-with-k80> accelerator=nvidia-tesla-k80
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kubectl label nodes <node-with-p100> accelerator=nvidia-tesla-p100
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然后，在创建 Pod 时设置 Node Affinity：
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apiVersion: v1
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kind: Pod
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metadata:
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name: cuda-vector-add
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spec:
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restartPolicy: OnFailure
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containers:
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- name: cuda-vector-add
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# https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/v1.7.11/test/images/nvidia-cuda/Dockerfile
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image: "k8s.gcr.io/cuda-vector-add:v0.1"
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resources:
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limits:
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nvidia.com/gpu: 1
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nodeSelector:
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accelerator: nvidia-tesla-p100 # or nvidia-tesla-k80 etc.
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使用 CUDA 库
NVIDIA Cuda Toolkit 和 cuDNN 等需要预先安装在所有 Node 上。为了访问
/usr/lib/nvidia-375，需要将 CUDA 库以 hostPath volume 的形式传给容器：1
apiVersion: batch/v1
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kind: Job
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metadata:
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name: nvidia-smi
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labels:
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name: nvidia-smi
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spec:
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template:
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metadata:
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labels:
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name: nvidia-smi
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spec:
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containers:
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- name: nvidia-smi
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image: nvidia/cuda
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command: ["nvidia-smi"]
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imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
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resources:
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limits:
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alpha.kubernetes.io/nvidia-gpu: 1
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volumeMounts:
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- mountPath: /usr/local/nvidia/bin
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name: bin
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- mountPath: /usr/lib/nvidia
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name: lib
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volumes:
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- name: bin
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hostPath:
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path: /usr/lib/nvidia-375/bin
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- name: lib
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hostPath:
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path: /usr/lib/nvidia-375
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restartPolicy: Never
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$ kubectl create -f job.yaml
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job "nvidia-smi" created
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$ kubectl get job
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NAME DESIRED SUCCESSFUL AGE
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nvidia-smi 1 1 14m
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$ kubectl get pod -a
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NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
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nvidia-smi-kwd2m 0/1 Completed 0 14m
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$ kubectl logs nvidia-smi-kwd2m
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Fri Jun 16 19:49:53 2017
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+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| NVIDIA-SMI 375.66 Driver Version: 375.66 |
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|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
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| GPU Name Persistence-M| Bus-Id Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
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| Fan Temp Perf Pwr:Usage/Cap| Memory-Usage | GPU-Util Compute M. |
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|===============================+======================+======================|
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| 0 Tesla K80 Off | 0000:00:04.0 Off | 0 |
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| N/A 74C P0 80W / 149W | 0MiB / 11439MiB | 100% Default |
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+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
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+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| Processes: GPU Memory |
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| GPU PID Type Process name Usage |
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|=============================================================================|
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| No running processes found |
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+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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附录：CUDA 安装方法
安装 CUDA：
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# Check for CUDA and try to install.
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if ! dpkg-query -W cuda; then
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# The 16.04 installer works with 16.10.
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curl -O http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu1604/x86_64/cuda-repo-ubuntu1604_8.0.61-1_amd64.deb
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dpkg -i ./cuda-repo-ubuntu1604_8.0.61-1_amd64.deb
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apt-get update
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apt-get install cuda -y
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fi
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安装 cuDNN：
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tar zxvf cudnn-8.0-linux-x64-v5.1.tgz
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ln -s /usr/local/cuda-8.0 /usr/local/cuda
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sudo cp -P cuda/include/cudnn.h /usr/local/cuda/include
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sudo cp -P cuda/lib64/libcudnn* /usr/local/cuda/lib64
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sudo chmod a+r /usr/local/cuda/include/cudnn.h /usr/local/cuda/lib64/libcudnn*
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安装完成后，可以运行 nvidia-smi 查看 GPU 设备的状态
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$ nvidia-smi
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Fri Jun 16 19:33:35 2017
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+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| NVIDIA-SMI 375.66 Driver Version: 375.66 |
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|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
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| GPU Name Persistence-M| Bus-Id Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
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| Fan Temp Perf Pwr:Usage/Cap| Memory-Usage | GPU-Util Compute M. |
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|===============================+======================+======================|
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| 0 Tesla K80 Off | 0000:00:04.0 Off | 0 |
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| N/A 74C P0 80W / 149W | 0MiB / 11439MiB | 100% Default |
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+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
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+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| Processes: GPU Memory |
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| GPU PID Type Process name Usage |
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|=============================================================================|
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| No running processes found |
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+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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参考文档
最近更新 2mo ago