审计
Kubernetes 审计（Audit）提供了安全相关的时序操作记录，支持日志和 webhook 两种格式，并可以通过审计策略自定义事件类型。
通过配置 kube-apiserver 的下列参数开启审计日志
- audit-log-path：审计日志路径
- audit-log-maxage：旧日志最长保留天数
- audit-log-maxbackup：旧日志文件最多保留个数
- audit-log-maxsize：日志文件最大大小（单位 MB），超过后自动做轮转（默认为 100MB）
每条审计记录包括两行
- 请求行包括：唯一 ID 和请求的元数据（如源 IP、用户名、请求资源等）
- 响应行包括：唯一 ID（与请求 ID 一致）和响应的元数据（如 HTTP 状态码）
比如，admin 用户查询默认 namespace 的 Pod 列表的审计日志格式为
2017-03-21T03:57:09.106841886-04:00 AUDIT: id="c939d2a7-1c37-4ef1-b2f7-4ba9b1e43b53" ip="127.0.0.1" method="GET" user="admin" groups="\"system:masters\",\"system:authenticated\""as="<self>"asgroups="<lookup>"namespace="default"uri="/api/v1/namespaces/default/pods"
2017-03-21T03:57:09.108403639-04:00 AUDIT: id="c939d2a7-1c37-4ef1-b2f7-4ba9b1e43b53" response="200"
v1.7 + 支持实验性的高级审计特性，可 以自定义审计策略（选择记录哪些事件）和审计存储后端（日志和 webhook）等。开启方法为
kube-apiserver ... --feature-gates=AdvancedAuditing=true
注意开启 AdvancedAuditing 后，日志的格式有一些修改，如新增了 stage 字段（包括 RequestReceived，ResponseStarted ，ResponseComplete，Panic 等）。
审计策略选择记录哪些事件，设置方法为
kube-apiserver ... --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml
其中，设计策略的配置格式为
rules:
# Don't log watch requests by the"system:kube-proxy" on endpoints or services
- level: None
users: ["system:kube-proxy"]
verbs: ["watch"]
resources:
- group: "" # core API group
resources: ["endpoints", "services"]
# Don't log authenticated requests to certain non-resource URL paths.
- level: None
userGroups: ["system:authenticated"]
nonResourceURLs:
- "/api*" # Wildcard matching.
- "/version"
# Log the request body of configmap changes in kube-system.
- level: Request
resources:
- group: "" # core API group
resources: ["configmaps"]
# This rule only applies to resources in the "kube-system" namespace.
# The empty string "" can be used to select non-namespaced resources.
namespaces: ["kube-system"]
# Log configmap and secret changes in all other namespaces at the Metadata level.
- level: Metadata
resources:
- group: "" # core API group
resources: ["secrets", "configmaps"]
# Log all other resources in core and extensions at the Request level.
- level: Request
resources:
- group: "" # core API group
- group: "extensions" # Version of group should NOT be included.
# A catch-all rule to log all other requests at the Metadata level.
- level: Metadata
审计存储后端支持两种方式
- 日志，配置
--audit-log-path开启，格式为
2017-06-15T21:50:50.259470834Z AUDIT: id="591e9fde-6a98-46f6-b7bc-ec8ef575696d" stage="RequestReceived" ip="10.2.1.3" method="update" user="system:serviceaccount:kube-system:default" groups="\"system:serviceaccounts\",\"system:serviceaccounts:kube-system\",\"system:authenticated\""as="<self>"asgroups="<lookup>"namespace="kube-system"uri="/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/endpoints/kube-controller-manager"response="<deferred>"
2017-06-15T21:50:50.259470834Z AUDIT: id="591e9fde-6a98-46f6-b7bc-ec8ef575696d" stage="ResponseComplete" ip="10.2.1.3" method="update" user="system:serviceaccount:kube-system:default" groups="\"system:serviceaccounts\",\"system:serviceaccounts:kube-system\",\"system:authenticated\""as="<self>"asgroups="<lookup>"namespace="kube-system"uri="/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/endpoints/kube-controller-manager"response="200"
- webhook，配置
--audit-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-webhook-kubeconfig --audit-webhook-mode=batch开启，其中 audit-webhook-mode 支持 batch 和 blocking 两种格式，而 webhook 配置文件格式为
# clusters refers to the remote service.
clusters:
- name: name-of-remote-audit-service
cluster:
certificate-authority: /path/to/ca.pem # CA for verifying the remote service.
server: https://audit.example.com/audit # URL of remote service to query. Must use 'https'.
# users refers to the API server's webhook configuration.
users:
- name: name-of-api-server
user:
client-certificate: /path/to/cert.pem # cert for the webhook plugin to use
client-key: /path/to/key.pem # key matching the cert
# kubeconfig files require a context. Provide one for the API server.
current-context: webhook
contexts:
- context:
cluster: name-of-remote-audit-service
user: name-of-api-sever
name: webhook
所有的事件以 JSON 格式 POST 给 webhook server，如
{
"kind": "EventList",
"apiVersion": "audit.k8s.io/v1alpha1",
"items": [
{
"metadata": {
"creationTimestamp": null
},
"level": "Metadata",
"timestamp": "2017-06-15T23:07:40Z",
"auditID": "4faf711a-9094-400f-a876-d9188ceda548",
"stage": "ResponseComplete",
"requestURI": "/apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1/namespaces/kube-public/rolebindings/system:controller:bootstrap-signer",
"verb": "get",
"user": {
"username": "system:apiserver",
"uid": "97a62906-e4d7-4048-8eda-4f0fb6ff8f1e",
"groups": [
"system:masters"
]
},
"sourceIPs": [
"127.0.0.1"
],
"objectRef": {
"resource": "rolebindings",
"namespace": "kube-public",
"name": "system:controller:bootstrap-signer",
"apiVersion": "rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1"
},
"responseStatus": {
"metadata": {},
"code": 200
}
}
]
}
最近更新 1mo ago