中文
排错工具
本章主要介绍在 Kubernetes 排错中常用的工具。
必备工具
kubectl：用于查看 Kubernetes 集群以及容器的状态，如kubectl describe pod <pod-name>journalctl：用于查看 Kubernetes 组件日志，如journalctl -u kubelet -liptables和ebtables：用于排查 Service 是否工作，如iptables -t nat -nL查看 kube-proxy 配置的 iptables 规则是否正常tcpdump：用于排查容器网络问题，如tcpdump -nn host 10.240.0.8
kubectl-node-shell
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curl -LO https://github.com/kvaps/kubectl-node-shell/raw/master/kubectl-node_shell
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chmod +x ./kubectl-node_shell
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sudo mv ./kubectl-node_shell /usr/local/bin/kubectl-node_shell
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kubectl node-shell <node>
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journalctl -l -u kubelet
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sysdig
sysdig 是一个容器排错工具，提供了开源和商业版本。对于常规排错来说，使用开源版本即可。
除了 sysdig，还可以使用其他两个辅助工具
- csysdig：与 sysdig 一起自动安装，提供了一个命令行界面
安装
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# on Ubuntu
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curl -s https://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/DRAIOS-GPG-KEY.public | apt-key add -
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curl -s -o /etc/apt/sources.list.d/draios.list http://download.draios.com/stable/deb/draios.list
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apt-get update
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apt-get -y install linux-headers-$(uname -r)
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apt-get -y install sysdig
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# on REHL
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rpm --import https://s3.amazonaws.com/download.draios.com/DRAIOS-GPG-KEY.public
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curl -s -o /etc/yum.repos.d/draios.repo http://download.draios.com/stable/rpm/draios.repo
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rpm -i http://mirror.us.leaseweb.net/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
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yum -y install kernel-devel-$(uname -r)
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yum -y install sysdig
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# on MacOS
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brew install sysdig
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示例
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# Refer https://www.sysdig.org/wiki/sysdig-examples/.
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# View the top network connections
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sudo sysdig -pc -c topconns
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# View the top network connections inside the wordpress1 container
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sudo sysdig -pc -c topconns container.name=wordpress1
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# Show the network data exchanged with the host 192.168.0.1
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sudo sysdig fd.ip=192.168.0.1
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sudo sysdig -s2000 -A -c echo_fds fd.cip=192.168.0.1
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# List all the incoming connections that are not served by apache.
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sudo sysdig -p"%proc.name %fd.name" "evt.type=accept and proc.name!=httpd"
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# View the CPU/Network/IO usage of the processes running inside the container.
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sudo sysdig -pc -c topprocs_cpu container.id=2e854c4525b8
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sudo sysdig -pc -c topprocs_net container.id=2e854c4525b8
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sudo sysdig -pc -c topfiles_bytes container.id=2e854c4525b8
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# See the files where apache spends the most time doing I/O
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sudo sysdig -c topfiles_time proc.name=httpd
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# Show all the interactive commands executed inside a given container.
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sudo sysdig -pc -c spy_users
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# Show every time a file is opened under /etc.
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sudo sysdig evt.type=open and fd.name
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# View the list of processes with container context
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sudo csysdig -pc
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Weave Scope
Weave Scope 是另外一款可视化容器监控和排错工具。与 sysdig 相比，它没有强大的命令行工具，但提供了一个简单易用的交互界面，自动描绘了整个集群的拓扑，并可以通过插件扩展其功能。从其官网的介绍来看，其提供的功能包括
- Probe 负责收集容器和宿主的信息，并发送给 App
- App 负责处理这些信息，并生成相应的报告，并以交互界面的形式展示
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+--Docker host----------+ +--Docker host----------+
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.---------------. | +--Container------+ | | +--Container------+ |
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| Browser | | | | | | | | |
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|---------------| | | +-----------+ | | | | +-----------+ | |
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| |----->| | scope-app |<-----. .----->| scope-app | | |
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| | | | +-----------+ | | \ / | | +-----------+ | |
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| | | | ^ | | \/ | | ^ | |
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'---------------' | | | | | /\ | | | | |
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| | +-------------+ | | / \ | | +-------------+ | |
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| | | scope-probe |-----' '-----| scope-probe | | |
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| | +-------------+ | | | | +-------------+ | |
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| | | | | | | |
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| +-----------------+ | | +-----------------+ |
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+-----------------------+ +-----------------------+
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安装
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kubectl apply -f "https://cloud.weave.works/k8s/scope.yaml?k8s-version=$(kubectl version | base64 | tr -d '\n')&k8s-service-type=LoadBalancer"
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查看界面
安装完成后，可以通过 weave-scope-app 来访问交互界面
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kubectl -n weave get service weave-scope-app
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kubectl -n weave port-forward service/weave-scope-app :80
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点击 Pod，还可以查看该 Pod 所有容器的实时状态和度量数据：
已知问题
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[ 263.736006] CPU: 0 PID: 6309 Comm: scope Not tainted 4.4.0-119-generic #143-Ubuntu
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[ 263.736006] Hardware name: Microsoft Corporation Virtual Machine/Virtual Machine, BIOS 090007 06/02/2017
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[ 263.736006] task: ffff88011cef5400 ti: ffff88000a0e4000 task.ti: ffff88000a0e4000
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[ 263.736006] RIP: 0010:[] [] bpf_map_lookup_elem+0x6/0x20
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[ 263.736006] RSP: 0018:ffff88000a0e7a70 EFLAGS: 00010082
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[ 263.736006] RAX: ffffffff8117cd70 RBX: ffffc90000762068 RCX: 0000000000000000
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[ 263.736006] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffff88000a0e7cd8 RDI: 000000001cdee380
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[ 263.736006] RBP: ffff88000a0e7cf8 R08: 0000000005080021 R09: 0000000000000000
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[ 263.736006] R10: 0000000000000020 R11: ffff880159e1c700 R12: 0000000000000000
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[ 263.736006] R13: ffff88011cfaf400 R14: ffff88000a0e7e38 R15: ffff88000a0f8800
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[ 263.736006] FS: 00007f5b0cd79700(0000) GS:ffff88015b600000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
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[ 263.736006] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
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[ 263.736006] CR2: 000000001cdee3a8 CR3: 000000011ce04000 CR4: 0000000000040670
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[ 263.736006] Stack:
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[ 263.736006] ffff88000a0e7cf8 ffffffff81177411 0000000000000000 00001887000018a5
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[ 263.736006] 000000001cdee380 ffff88000a0e7cd8 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
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[ 263.736006] 0000000005080021 ffff88000a0e7e38 0000000000000000 0000000000000046
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[ 263.736006] Call Trace:
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[ 263.736006] [] ? __bpf_prog_run+0x7a1/0x1360
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[ 263.736006] [] ? update_curr+0x79/0x170
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[ 263.736006] [] ? update_cfs_shares+0xbc/0x100
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[ 263.736006] [] ? update_curr+0x79/0x170
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[ 263.736006] [] ? dput+0xb8/0x230
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[ 263.736006] [] ? follow_managed+0x265/0x300
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[ 263.736006] [] ? kmem_cache_alloc_trace+0x1d4/0x1f0
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[ 263.736006] [] ? seq_open+0x5a/0xa0
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[ 263.736006] [] ? probes_open+0x33/0x100
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[ 263.736006] [] ? dput+0x34/0x230
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[ 263.736006] [] ? mntput+0x24/0x40
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[ 263.736006] [] trace_call_bpf+0x37/0x50
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[ 263.736006] [] kretprobe_perf_func+0x3d/0x250
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[ 263.736006] [] ? pre_handler_kretprobe+0x135/0x1b0
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[ 263.736006] [] kretprobe_dispatcher+0x3d/0x60
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[ 263.736006] [] ? do_sys_open+0x1b2/0x2a0
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[ 263.736006] [] ? kretprobe_trampoline_holder+0x9/0x9
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[ 263.736006] [] trampoline_handler+0x133/0x210
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[ 263.736006] [] ? do_sys_open+0x1b2/0x2a0
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[ 263.736006] [] kretprobe_trampoline+0x25/0x57
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[ 263.736006] [] ? kretprobe_trampoline_holder+0x9/0x9
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[ 263.736006] [] SyS_openat+0x14/0x20
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[ 263.736006] [] entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x1c/0xbb
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解决方法有两种
- 禁止 eBPF 探测，如
--probe.ebpf.connections=false - 升级内核，如升级到 4.13.0
参考文档
最近更新 2yr ago