ReplicaSet

ReplicationController（也简称为 rc）用来确保容器应用的副本数始终保持在用户定义的副本数，即如果有容器异常退出，会自动创建新的 Pod 来替代；而异常多出来的容器也会自动回收。ReplicationController 的典型应用场景包括确保健康 Pod 的数量、弹性伸缩、滚动升级以及应用多版本发布跟踪等。

在新版本的 Kubernetes 中建议使用 ReplicaSet（也简称为 rs）来取代 ReplicationController。ReplicaSet 跟 ReplicationController 没有本质的不同，只是名字不一样，并且 ReplicaSet 支持集合式的 selector（ReplicationController 仅支持等式）。

虽然也 ReplicaSet 可以独立使用，但建议使用 Deployment 来自动管理 ReplicaSet，这样就无需担心跟其他机制的不兼容问题（比如 ReplicaSet 不支持 rolling-update 但 Deployment 支持），并且还支持版本记录、回滚、暂停升级等高级特性。Deployment 的详细介绍和使用方法见。

API 版本对照表

Kubernetes 版本

Deployment 版本

v1.5-v1.6

extensions/v1beta1

v1.7-v1.15

apps/v1beta1

v1.8-v1.15

apps/v1beta2

v1.9+

apps/v1

ReplicationController 示例

apiVersion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:
  name: nginx
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      name: nginx
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

ReplicaSet 示例

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: ReplicaSet
metadata:
  name: frontend
  # these labels can be applied automatically
  # from the labels in the pod template if not set
  # labels:
    # app: guestbook
    # tier: frontend
spec:
  # this replicas value is default
  # modify it according to your case
  replicas: 3
  # selector can be applied automatically
  # from the labels in the pod template if not set,
  # but we are specifying the selector here to
  # demonstrate its usage.
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      tier: frontend
    matchExpressions:
      - {key: tier, operator: In, values: [frontend]}
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: guestbook
        tier: frontend
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: php-redis
        image: gcr.io/google_samples/gb-frontend:v3
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 100Mi
        env:
        - name: GET_HOSTS_FROM
          value: dns
          # If your cluster config does not include a dns service, then to
          # instead access environment variables to find service host
          # info, comment out the 'value: dns' line above, and uncomment the
          # line below.
          # value: env
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

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ReplicationController 示例

apiVersion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:
  name: nginx
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      name: nginx
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

ReplicaSet 示例

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: ReplicaSet
metadata:
  name: frontend
  # these labels can be applied automatically
  # from the labels in the pod template if not set
  # labels:
    # app: guestbook
    # tier: frontend
spec:
  # this replicas value is default
  # modify it according to your case
  replicas: 3
  # selector can be applied automatically
  # from the labels in the pod template if not set,
  # but we are specifying the selector here to
  # demonstrate its usage.
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      tier: frontend
    matchExpressions:
      - {key: tier, operator: In, values: [frontend]}
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: guestbook
        tier: frontend
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: php-redis
        image: gcr.io/google_samples/gb-frontend:v3
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 100Mi
        env:
        - name: GET_HOSTS_FROM
          value: dns
          # If your cluster config does not include a dns service, then to
          # instead access environment variables to find service host
          # info, comment out the 'value: dns' line above, and uncomment the
          # line below.
          # value: env
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80